Burn (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Burned (/) or Burnt (/); p. pr. & vb. n. Burning.] [OE. bernen, brennen, v.t., early confused with beornen, birnen, v.i., AS. b\'91rnan, bernan, v.t., birnan, v.i.; akin to OS. brinnan, OFries. barna, berna, OHG. brinnan, brennan, G. brennen, OD. bernen, D. branden, Dan. br\'91nde, Sw. br\'84nna, brinna, Icel. brenna, Goth. brinnan, brannjan (in comp.), and possibly to E. fervent.] 1. To consume with fire; to reduce to ashes by the action of heat or fire; -- frequently intensified by up: as, to burn up wood. "We'll burn his body in the holy place."
Shak.
2. To injure by fire or heat; to change destructively some property or properties of, by undue exposure to fire or heat; to scorch; to scald; to blister; to singe; to char; to sear; as, to burn steel in forging; to burn one's face in the sun; the sun burns the grass.
3. To perfect or improve by fire or heat; to submit to the action of fire or heat for some economic purpose; to destroy or change some property or properties of, by exposure to fire or heat in due degree for obtaining a desired residuum, product, or effect; to bake; as, to burn clay in making bricks or pottery; to burn wood so as to produce charcoal; to burn limestone for the lime.
4. To make or produce, as an effect or result, by the application of fire or heat; as, to burn a hole; to burn charcoal; to burn letters into a block.
5. To consume, injure, or change the condition of, as if by action of fire or heat; to affect as fire or heat does; as, to burn the mouth with pepper.
This tyrant fever burns me up.
Shak.
This dry sorrow burns up all my tears.
Dryden.
When the cold north wind bloweth, . . . it devoureth the mountains, and burneth the wilderness, and consumeth the //ass as fire.
Ecclus. xliii. 20, 21.
6. (Surg.) To apply a cautery to; to cauterize.
7. (Chem.) To cause to combine with oxygen or other active agent, with evolution of heat; to consume; to oxidize; as, a man burns a certain amount of carbon at each respiration; to burn iron in oxygen.
To burn, To burn together, as two surfaces of metal (Engin.), to fuse and unite them by pouring over them a quantity of the same metal in a liquid state. -- To burn a bowl (Game of Bowls), to displace it accidentally, the bowl so displaced being said to be burned. -- To burn daylight, to light candles before it is dark; to waste time; to perform superfluous actions. Shak. -- To burn one's fingers, to get one's self into unexpected trouble, as by interfering the concerns of others, speculation, etc. -- To burn out, to destroy or obliterate by burning. "Must you with hot irons burn out mine eyes?" Shak. -- To be burned out, to suffer loss by fire, as the burning of one's house, store, or shop, with the contents. -- To burn up, To burn down, to burn entirely.
Burn
Burn, v. i. 1. To be of fire; to flame. "The mount burned with fire."
Deut. ix. 15.
2. To suffer from, or be scorched by, an excess of heat.
Your meat doth burn, quoth I.
Shak.
3. To have a condition, quality, appearance, sensation, or emotion, as if on fire or excessively heated; to act or rage with destructive violence; to be in a state of lively emotion or strong desire; as, the face burns; to burn with fever.
Did not our heart burn within us, while he talked with us by the way?
Luke xxiv. 32.
The barge she sat in, like a burnished throne,
Burned on the water.
Shak.
Burning with high hope.
Byron.
The groan still deepens, and the combat burns.
Pope.
The parching air
Burns frore, and cold performs the effect of fire.
Milton.
4. (Chem.) To combine energetically, with evolution of heat; as, copper burns in chlorine.
5. In certain games, to approach near to a concealed object which is sought. [Colloq.]
To burn out, to burn till the fuel is exhausted. -- To burn up, To burn down, to be entirely consumed.
Burn
Burn, n. 1. A hurt, injury, or effect caused by fire or excessive or intense heat.
2. The operation or result of burning or baking, as in brickmaking; as, they have a good burn.
3. A disease in vegetables. See Brand, n., 6.
Burn
Burn, n. [See 1st Bourn.] A small stream. [Scot.]
Burnable
Burn"a*ble (?), a. Combustible.
Cotgrave.
Burned
Burned (?), p. p. & a. See Burnt.
Burned
Burned (?), p. p. Burnished. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Burner
Burn"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, burns or sets fire to anything.
2. The part of a lamp, gas fixture, etc., where the flame is produced.
Bunsen's burner (Chem.), a kind of burner, invented by Professor Bunsen of Heidelberg, consisting of a straight tube, four or five inches in length, having small holes for the entrance of air at the bottom. Illuminating gas being also admitted at the bottom, a mixture of gas and air is formed which burns at the top with a feebly luminous but intensely hot flame. -- Argand burner, Rose burner, etc. See under Argand, Rose, etc.
Burnet
Bur"net (?), n. [OE. burnet burnet; also, brownish (the plant perh. being named from its color), fr. F. brunet, dim. of brun brown; cf. OF. brunete a sort of flower. See Brunette.] (Bot.) A genus of perennial herbs (Poterium); especially, P.Sanguisorba, the common, or garden, burnet.
Burnet moth (Zo\'94l.), in England, a handsome moth (Zyg\'91na filipendula), with crimson spots on the wings. -- Burnet saxifrage. (Bot.) See Saxifrage. -- Canadian burnet, a marsh plant (Poterium Canadensis). -- Great burnet, Wild burnet, Poterium (or Sanguisorba) oficinalis.
Burnettize
Bur"nett*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Burnettized (/); p. pr. & vb. n. Burnettizing.] (Manuf.) To subject (wood, fabrics, etc.) to a process of saturation in a solution of chloride of zinc, to prevent decay; -- a process invented by Sir William Burnett.
Burnie
Burn"ie (?), n. [See 4th Burn.] A small brook. [Scot.]
Burns.
Burniebee
Bur"nie*bee` (?), n. The ladybird. [Prov. Eng.]
Burning
Burn"ing, a. 1. That burns; being on fire; excessively hot; fiery.
2. Consuming; intense; inflaming; exciting; vehement; powerful; as, burning zeal.
Like a young hound upon a burning scent.
Dryden.
Burning bush (Bot.), an ornamental shrub (Euonymus atropurpureus), bearing a crimson berry.
Burning
Burn"ing, n. The act of consuming by fire or heat, or of subjecting to the effect of fire or heat; the state of being on fire or excessively heated.
Burning fluid, any volatile illuminating oil, as the lighter petroleums (naphtha, benzine), or oil of turpentine (camphine), but esp. a mixture of the latter with alcohol. -- Burning glass, a conxex lens of considerable size, used for producing an intense heat by converging the sun's rays to a focus. -- Burning house (Metal.), the furnace in which tin ores are calcined, to sublime the sulphur and arsenic from the pyrites. Weale. -- Burning mirror, a concave mirror, or a combination of plane mirrors, used for the same purpose as a burning glass.
Syn. -- Combustion; fire; conflagration; flame; blaze.
Burnish
Bur"nish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Burnished (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Burnishing.] [OE. burnischen, burnissen, burnen, OF. burnir, brunir, to make brown, polish, F. brunir, fr. F. brun brown, fr. OHG. br/n; cf. MHG. briunen to make brown, polish. See Brown, a.] To cause to shine; to make smooth and bright; to polish; specifically, to polish by rubbing with something hard and smooth; as, to burnish brass or paper.
The frame of burnished steel, that east a glare
From far, and seemed to thaw the freezing air.
Dryden.
Now the village windows blaze,
Burnished by the setting sun.
Cunningham.
Burnishing machine, a machine for smoothing and polishing by compression, as in making paper collars.
Burnish
Bur"nish, v. i. To shine forth; to brighten; to become smooth and glossy, as from swelling or filling out; hence, to grow large.
A slender poet must have time to grow,
And spread and burnish as his brothers do.
Dryden.
My thoughts began to burnish, sprout, and swell.
Herbert.
Burnish
Bur"nish, n. The effect of burnishing; gloss; brightness; luster.
Crashaw.
Burnisher
Bur"nish*er (?), n. 1. One who burnishes.
2. A tool with a hard, smooth, rounded end or surface, as of steel, ivory, or agate, used in smoothing or polishing by rubbing. It has a variety of forms adapted to special uses.
Burnoose, Burnous
Bur"noose, Bur"nous (?), n. [Ar. burnus a kind of high-crowned cap: cf. F. bournous, burnous, Sp. al-bornoz, a sort of upper garment, with a hood attached.] 1. A cloaklike garment and hood woven in one piece, worn by Arabs.
2. A combination cloak and hood worn by women. [Variously written bournous, bernouse, bornous, etc.]
Burnstickle
Burn"stic`kle (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus).
Burnt
Burnt (?), p. p. & a. Consumed with, or as with, fire; scorched or dried, as with fire or heat; baked or hardened in the fire or the sun.
Burnt ear, a black, powdery fungus which destroys grain. See Smut. -- Burnt offering, something offered and burnt on an altar, as an atonement for sin; a sacrifice. The offerings of the Jews were a clean animal, as an ox, a calf, a goat, or a sheep; or some vegetable substance, as bread, or ears of wheat or barley. Called also burnt sacrifice. [2 Sam. xxiv. 22.]
Burr
Burr (?), n. [See Bur.] (Bot.) 1. A prickly seed vessel. See Bur, 1.
2. The thin edge or ridge left by a tool in cutting or shaping metal, as in turning, engraving, pressing, etc.; also, the rough neck left on a bullet in casting.
The graver, in plowing furrows in the surface of the copper, raises corresponding ridges or burrs.
Tomlinson.
3. A thin flat piece of metal, formed from a sheet by punching; a small washer put on the end of a rivet before it is swaged down.
4. A broad iron ring on a tilting lance just below the gripe, to prevent the hand from slipping.
5. The lobe or lap of the ear.
6. [Probably of imitative origin.] A guttural pronounciation of the letter r, produced by trilling the extremity of the soft palate against the back part of the tongue; rotacism; -- often called the Newcastle, Northumberland, or Tweedside, burr.
7. The knot at the bottom of an antler. See Bur, n., 8.
Burr
Burr (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Burred (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Burring.] To speak with burr; to make a hoarse or guttural murmur.
Mrs. Browning.
Burrel
Bur"rel (?), n. [Cf. OF. burel reddish (cf. Borel, n.), or F. beurr\'82 butter pear, fr. beurre butter. Cf. Butter.] A sort of pear, called also the red butter pear, from its smooth, delicious, soft pulp.
Burrel
Bur"rel, n. Same as Borrel.
Burrel fly
Bur"rel fly` (?). [From its reddish color. See 1st Burrel.] (Zo\'94l.) The botfly or gadfly of cattle (Hypoderma bovis). See Gadfly.
Burrel shot
Bur"rel shot` (?). [Either from annoying the enemy like a burrel fly, or, less probably, fr. F. bourreler to sting, torture.] (Gun.) A mixture of shot, nails, stones, pieces of old iron, etc., fired from a cannon at short range, in an emergency. [R.]
Burring machine
Burr"ing ma*chine" (?). A machine for cleansing wool of burs, seeds, and other substances.
Burr millstone
Burr" mill"stone` (?). See Buhrstone.
Burro
Bur"ro (?), n. [Sp., an ass.] (Zo\'94l.) A donkey. [Southern U.S.]
Burrock
Bur"rock (?), n. [Perh. from AS. burg, burh, hill + -ock.] A small weir or dam in a river to direct the stream to gaps where fish traps are placed.
Knight.
Burrow
Bur"row (?), n. [See 1st Borough.] 1. An incorporated town. See 1st Borough.
2. A shelter; esp. a hole in the ground made by certain animals, as rabbits, for shelter and habitation.
3. (Mining) A heap or heaps of rubbish or refuse.
4. A mound. See 3d Barrow, and Camp, n., 5.
Burrow
Bur"row, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Burrowed (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Burrowing.] 1. To excavate a hole to lodge in, as in the earth; to lodge in a hole excavated in the earth, as conies or rabbits.
2. To lodge, or take refuge, in any deep or concealed place; to hide.
Sir, this vermin of court reporters, when they are forced into day upon one point, are sure to burrow in another.
Burke.
Burrowing owl (Zo\'94l.), a small owl of the western part of North America (Speotyto cunicularia), which lives in holes, often in company with the prairie dog.
Burrower
Bur"row*er (?), n. One who, or that which, burrows; an animal that makes a hole under ground and lives in it.
Burrstone
Burr"stone`, n. See Buhrstone.
Burry
Burr"y (?), a. Abounding in burs, or containing burs; resembling burs; as, burry wool.
Bursa
Bur"sa (?), n.; pl. Burs\'91 (/). [L. See Burse.] (Anat.) Any sac or saclike cavity; especially, one of the synovial sacs, or small spaces, often lined with synovial membrane, interposed between tendons and bony prominences.
Bursal
Bur"sal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a bursa or to burs\'91.
Bursar
Bur"sar (?), n. [LL. bursarius, fr. bursa purse. See Burse, and cf. Purser.] 1. A treasurer, or cash keeper; a purser; as, the bursar of a college, or of a monastery.
2. A student to whom a stipend or bursary is paid for his complete or partial support.
Bursarship
Bur"sar*ship, n. The office of a bursar.
Bursary
Bur"sa*ry (?), n.; pl. -ries (#). [LL. bursaria. See Bursar.] 1. The treasury of a college or monastery.
2. A scholarship or charitable foundation in a university, as in scotland; a sum given to enable a student to pursue his studies. "No woman of rank or fortune but would have a bursary in her gift."
Southey.
Bursch
Bursch (?), n.; pl. Burschen (#). [G., ultimately fr. LL. bursa. See Burse.] A youth; especially, a student in a german university.
Burse
Burse (?), n. [LL. bursa, or F. bourse. See Bourse, and cf. Bursch, Purse.] 1. A purse; also, a vesicle; a pod; a hull. [Obs.]
Holland.
2. A fund or foundation for the maintenance of needy scholars in their studies; also, the sum given to the beneficiaries. [Scot.]
3. (Eccl.) An ornamental case of hold the corporal when not in use.
Shipley.
4. An exchange, for merchants and bankers, in the cities of continental Europe. Same as Bourse.
5. A kind of bazaar. [Obs.]
She says she went to the burse for patterns.
Old Play.
Bursiculate
Bur*sic"u*late (?), a. [See Burse.] (Bot.) Bursiform.
Bursiform
Bur"si*form (?), a. [LL. bursa purse + -form.] Shaped like a purse.
Bursitis
Bur*si"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. E. bursa + -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of a bursa.
Burst
Burst (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Burst; p. pr. & vb. n. Bursting. The past participle bursten is obsolete.] [OE. bersten, bresten, AS. berstan (pers. sing. berste, imp. sing. b\'91rst, imp. pl. burston, p.p. borsten); akin to D. bersten, G. bersten, OHG. brestan, OS. brestan, Icel. bresta, Sw. brista, Dan. briste. Cf. Brast, Break.] 1. To fly apart or in pieces; of break open; to yield to force or pressure, especially to a sudden and violent exertion of force, or to pressure from within; to explode; as, the boiler had burst; the buds will burst in spring.
From the egg that soon
Bursting with kindly rupture, forth disclosed
Their callow young.
Milton.
Often used figuratively, as of the heart, in reference to a surcharge of passion, grief, desire, etc.
No, no, my heart will burst, an if I speak:
And I will speak, that so my heart may burst.
Shak.
2. To exert force or pressure by which something is made suddenly to give way; to break through obstacles or limitations; hence, to appear suddenly and unexpecedly or unaccountably, or to depart in such manner; -- usually with some qualifying adverb or preposition, as forth, out, away, into, upon, through, etc.
Tears, such as angels weep, burst forth.
Milton.
And now you burst (ah cruel!) from my arms.
Pope.
A resolved villain
Whose bowels suddenly burst out.
Shak.
We were the first that ever burst
Into that silent sea.
Coleridge.
To burst upon him like an earthquake.
Goldsmith.
Page 195
Burst
Burst (?), v. t. 1. To break or rend by violence, as by an overcharge or by strain or pressure, esp. from within; to force open suddenly; as, to burst a cannon; to burst a blood vessel; to burst open the doors.
My breast I'll burst with straining of my courage.
Shak.
2. To break. [Obs.]
You will not pay for the glasses you have burst?
Shak.
He burst his lance against the sand below.
Fairfax (Tasso).
3. To produce as an effect of bursting; as, to burst a hole through the wall.
Bursting charge. See under Charge.
Burst
Burst, n. 1. A sudden breaking forth; a violent rending; an explosion; as, a burst of thunder; a burst of applause; a burst of passion; a burst of inspiration.
Bursts of fox-hunting melody.
W. Irving.
2. Any brief, violent evertion or effort; a spurt; as, a burst of speed.
3. A sudden opening, as of landscape; a stretch; an expanse. [R.] "A fine burst of country."
Jane Austen.
4. A rupture of hernia; a breach.
Bursten
Burst"en (?), p. p. of Burst, v. i. [Obs.]
Burster
Burst"er (?), n. One that bursts.
Burstwort
Burst"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant (Herniaria glabra) supposed to be valuable for the cure of hernia or rupture.
Burt
Burt (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Birt. [Prov. Eng.]
Burthen
Bur"then (?), n. & v. t. See Burden. [Archaic]
Burton
Bur"ton (?), n. [Cf. OE. & Prov. E. bort to press or indent anything.] (Naut.) A peculiar tackle, formed of two or more blocks, or pulleys, the weight being suspended of a hook block in the bight of the running part.
Bury
Bur"y (?), n. [See 1st Borough.] 1. A borough; a manor; as, the Bury of St. Edmond's; -- used as a termination of names of places; as, Canterbury, Shrewsbury.
2. A manor house; a castle. [Prov. Eng.]
To this very day, the chief house of a manor, or the lord's seat, is called bury, in some parts of England.
Miege.
Bury
Bur"y (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Buried (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Burying (#).] [OE. burien, birien, berien, AS. byrgan; akin to beorgan to protect, OHG. bergan, G. bergen, Icel. bjarga, Sw. berga, Dan. bierge, Goth. ba\'a1rgan. &root;95. Cf. Burrow.] 1. To cover out of sight, either by heaping something over, or by placing within something, as earth, etc.; to conceal by covering; to hide; as, to bury coals in ashes; to bury the face in the hands.
And all their confidence
Under the weight of mountains buried deep.
Milton.
2. Specifically: To cover out of sight, as the body of a deceased person, in a grave, a tomb, or the ocean; to deposit (a corpse) in its resting place, with funeral ceremonies; to inter; to inhume.
Lord, suffer me first to go and bury my father.
Matt. viii. 21.
I'll bury thee in a triumphant grave.
Shak.
3. To hide in oblivion; to put away finally; to abandon; as, to bury strife.
Give me a bowl of wine
In this I bury all unkindness, Cassius.
Shak.
Burying beetle (Zo\'94l.), the general name of many species of beetles, of the tribe Necrophaga; the sexton beetle; -- so called from their habit of burying small dead animals by digging away the earth beneath them. The larv\'91 feed upon decaying flesh, and are useful scavengers. -- To bury the hatchet, to lay aside the instruments of war, and make peace; -- a phrase used in allusion to the custom observed by the North American Indians, of burying a tomahawk when they conclude a peace.
Syn. -- To intomb; inter; inhume; inurn; hide; cover; conceal; overwhelm; repress.
Burying ground, Burying place
Bur"y*ing ground`, Bur"y*ing place. The ground or place for burying the dead; burial place.
Bus
Bus (?), n. [Abbreviated from omnibus.] An omnibus. [Colloq.]
Busby
Bus"by (?), n.; pl. Busbies (/). (Mil.) A military headdress or cap, used in the British army. It is of fur, with a bag, of the same color as the facings of the regiment, hanging from the top over the right shoulder.
Buscon
Bus"con (?), n. [Sp., a searcher, fr. buscar to search.] One who searches for ores; a prospector. [U.S.]
Bush
Bush (?), n. [OE. bosch, busch, buysch, bosk, busk; akin to D. bosch, OHG. busc, G. busch, Icel. b/skr, b/ski, Dan. busk, Sw. buske, and also to LL. boscus, buscus, Pr. bosc, It. bosco, Sp. & Pg. bosque, F. bois, OF. bos. Whether the LL. or G. form i/ the original is uncertain; if the LL., it is perh. from the same source as E. box a case. Cf. Ambush, Boscage, Bouquet, Box a case.] 1. A thicket, or place abounding in trees or shrubs; a wild forest.
&hand; This was the original sense of the word, as in the Dutch bosch, a wood, and was so used by Chaucer. In this sense it is extensively used in the British colonies, especially at the Cape of Good Hope, and also in Australia and Canada; as, to live or settle in the bush.
2. A shrub; esp., a shrub with branches rising from or near the root; a thick shrub or a cluster of shrubs.
To bind a bush of thorns among sweet-smelling flowers.
Gascoigne.
3. A shrub cut off, or a shrublike branch of a tree; as, bushes to support pea vines.
4. A shrub or branch, properly, a branch of ivy (as sacred to Bacchus), hung out at vintners' doors, or as a tavern sign; hence, a tavern sign, and symbolically, the tavern itself.
If it be true that good wine needs no bush, 't is true that a good play needs no epilogue.
Shak.
5. (Hunting) The tail, or brush, of a fox.
To beat about the bush, to approach anything in a round-about manner, instead of coming directly to it; -- a metaphor taken from hunting. -- Bush bean (Bot.), a variety of bean which is low and requires no support (Phaseolus vulgaris, variety nanus). See Bean, 1. -- Bush buck, ∨ Bush goat (Zo\'94l.), a beautiful South African antelope (Tragelaphus sylvaticus); -- so called because found mainly in wooden localities. The name is also applied to other species. -- Bush cat (Zo\'94l.), the serval. See Serval. -- Bush chat (Zo\'94l.), a bird of the genus Pratincola, of the Thrush family. -- Bush dog. (Zo\'94l.) See Potto. -- Bush hammer. See Bushhammer in the Vocabulary. -- Bush harrow (Agric.) See under Harrow. -- Bush hog (Zo\'94l.), a South African wild hog (Potamoch\'d2rus Africanus); -- called also bush pig, and water hog. -- Bush master (Zo\'94l.), a venomous snake (Lachesis mutus) of Guinea; -- called also surucucu. -- Bush pea (Bot.), a variety of pea that needs to be bushed. -- Bush shrike (Zo\'94l.), a bird of the genus Thamnophilus, and allied genera; -- called also batarg. Many species inhabit tropical America. -- Bush tit (Zo\'94l.), a small bird of the genus Psaltriparus, allied to the titmouse. P. minimus inhabits California.
Bush
Bush (?), v. i. To branch thickly in the manner of a bush. "The bushing alders."
Pope.
Bush
Bush, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bushed (/); p. pr. & vb.n. Bushing.] 1. To set bushes for; to support with bushes; as, to